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Fundamentals of Battery
Selection
The battery selection process
should begin in the early stages of equipment design, not when the
battery cavity is fixed. In this way the most effective marriage
between battery capabilities and equipment features can be made.
This is especially true when considering the design-in of new battery
products such as the spiral-wound DURACELL DL123A. Early consideration
gives the designer the opportunity to increase the number and types
of features offered while reducing size and weight of the new product.
The fundamental requirements which should be considered early in
the battery selection process are:
- Voltage:
Maximum permissible voltage; minimum operating voltage; start-up
time (maximum permissible voltage delay).
- Load or Current Drain:
Constant resistance, constant current or constant power; variable
load; pulse load; peak current.
- Duty Cycle:
Continuous or intermittent usage pattern.
- Service Life:
Length of time operation is required.
- Physical Requirements:
Battery size, shape and weight; terminals.
- Temperature Requirements:
Operating temperature range; storage temperature range.
- Environmental Conditions:
Shock; vibration; atmospheric conditions, such as humidity and
pressure.
- Shelf Life:
Capacity retention requirements; storage time; temperature.
- Reliability:
Permissible performance variability; failure rates. Is there potential
for outgassing or leakage?
- Safety:
Consumer industrial or military usage. Is the use of hazardous
materials permissible? Will the battery withstand abusive conditions
that are likely to occur?
- Contacts:
Equipment contact materials should be compatible with battery
terminal materials to prevent galvanic corrosion due to use of
dissimilar metals. See Appendix for contact materials recommended
when using DURACELL Li/MnO2 batteries.
- Cost:
Operating or life cycle cost, as well as initial cost.
- Replacement:
Is battery replacement required? If so, who will replace the battery
and where will a replacement be obtained?
When the important fundamental requirements are identified, the decision
as to what battery system best fits the needs of the application can
be made. With so many types of batteries and battery systems available
today, choosing the most suitable battery for a specific application
can be a difficult task.
Many applications have requirements that zinc systems cannot satisfy.
For light weight and compactness in a power source, very long shelf
life, extreme temperature capability high current pulse capability
and more, DURACELL Li/MnO2
batteries are very often the optimum choice.
Application Guide
Listed below are application
guidelines to aid in identifying the types of applications particularly
suited for each of the three designs of DURACELL high-performance
Li/MnO2 batteries. A number of important application
parameters are given, profiling a hypothetical application, along
with the Li/MnO2 cell type which best satisfies those
parameters. Typical applications for each cell type are also shown.
Table: Guidelines for selecting Li/MnO2
cells for typical applications.
| APPLICATION PARAMETERS |
RECOMMENDED
CELL TYPE |
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS |
- Small, low profile,
lightweight battery with capacity of 75 to 550 mAh.
- Low drain (4 mA
maximum on continuous drain and 20 mA
- maximum pulse).
- Demanding storage
or operating temperatures: -20°C to
- 60°C (-4°F
to 140°F).
- Long shelf life
of approximately 5 to 10 years with minimal loss
- in capacity.
- Worldwide availability
at retail.
|
DURACELL
MicroLithiumTM
Coin Cell
|
- Memory back-up
- Watches
- Calculators
- Medical equipment
- Digital scales
- Electronic games
- Security devices
- Small, low power
electronic devices
- Automatic sensors
and transmitters
|
- Cylindrical cell
with capacity of 650 to 1,900 mAh.
- Low drain (5 mA
maximum on continuous drain and 20 mA
- maximum pulse).
- Demanding storage
or operating temperatures: -20°C to
- 60°C (-4°F
to 140°F).
- Long shelf life
of approximately 5 to 10 years with minimal loss
- in capacity.
- OEM replacement
only.
|
DURACELL
MicroLithiumTM
Bobbin Cell |
- Memory back-up
- Real time clock/calendar
- Low power electronic
devices
|
- Lightweight battery
with capacity of 160 to 1,300 mAh.
- Continuous drain
of up to 1.2 A or intermittent drain with
- current pulses of
up to 5 A.
- Immediate start-up
capability at -20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F).
- Minimal loss in
performance and in rate capability after long
- periods of storage
and/or intermittent usage.
- Long shelf life
of approximately 5 to 10 years with minimal loss
- in capacity.
- Assurance of safety
without compromising power.
- Worldwide availability
at retail.
|
DURACELL
MicroLithiumTM
Spiral-Wound
Cell |
- Small power tools
- Alarms and detection
devices
- Communications equip.
- High-performance
flashlights
- Medical instruments
- Remote sensing devices
- Handheld test apparatus
- Loss prevention
equip.
- Marine strobes
- Utility meters
- Flash cameras
- Computers
- Access controls
- Laser devices
- Data entry terminals
- Consumer electronics
- Bar code readers
- Memory back-up
- Real-time clock
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Design Aids for Battery Selection
Determining Cell Size
Figure 6.3.1. and Figure 6.3.2 show the amount of service
which can be obtained from various DURACELL Li/MnO2 batteries
under continuous drains.
Figure 6.3.1.:
Service life of various DURACELL MicrolithiumTM Li/MnO2
batteries under continuous microampere drains to a 2-volt end voltage.
Figure 6.3.2.:
Service life of various DURACELL Li/MnO2 spiral-wound batteries
under continuous drains to a 2-volt end voltage.
A Product Specification Summary brochure is available from Duracell,
providing further guidance on designing-in DURACELL Li/MnO2
batteries, including maximum continuous and intermittent drain, rated
capacity and dimensions for DURACELL Li/MnO2 batteries.
Individual product data sheets are available on request.
Applications assistance, additional testing information and the latest
performance information on new cell types and battery designs are
also available by contacting your local Duracell OEM Sales Engineer,
by calling 1-800-431-2656, or by sending us an
e-mail note now.
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