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Formulas, Relationships & Conversions

Formulas and Relationships:
Cell Capacity IT
Cell Energy Wh = PT = IVT
Power P = IV = I2R
Resistance of a Conductor R = V/I (0hms Law)
Current (Cells in Parallel) I = I1 + I2 + ...In
Total Resistance (Cells in Parallel) 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 +...1/Rn
Voltage (Cells in Parallel) V = V1 = V2 =...Vn
Current (Cells in Series) I = I1 = I2 = ...In
Total Resistance (Cells in Series) R = R1 + R2 +...Rn
Voltage (Cells in Series) V = V1 + V2 +...Vn



I = Current expressed in amperes
V = Electromotive force (emf) expressed in volts
P = Power expressed in watts
R = Resistance expressed in ohms
Wh = Watt-hours
T = Time expressed in hours


Length Conversion Factors:
SYMBOL UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR
in. inch 1 in. = 2.54 cm = 25.4 mm = 0.08333 ft.
m meter 1 m = 3.280840 ft. = 39.370079 in.
mm millimeter 1 mm = 0.001 m = 0.1 cm = 0.039370 in.
ft. foot 1 ft. = 0.3048 m = 30.48006 cm
cm centimeter 1 cm = 0.01 m = 10 mm = 0.393701 in.
m meter 1 m = 10 decimeters = 100 centimeters =1,000 millimeters


Volume and Capacity Conversion Factors:
SYMBOL UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR
cm3 cubic centimeter 1 cm3 = 0.001 L
1 cm3 = 1 ml = 0.061024 in.3
1 cm3 = 0.000001 cubic meters (m)3
1 cm3 = 0.001 liters (L)
in.3 cubic inch 1 in.3 = 0.016387 L = 16.38706 cm3
1 in.3 = 1.6387064 x 10-2 liters (L)
L liter 1 L = 61.023744 in.3
1 L = 1,000 cubic centimeters (cm)3
1 L = 61.0237441 cubic inches (in.)3
1 L = 0.2199692 gallons (U.K.)
1 L = 0.26417205 gallons (U.S.)
gal. gallon 1 gal., U.S. = 3.7854118 liters (L)
1 gal., U.K. = 4.546092 liters (L)
ml milliliter 1 ml = 0.001L = 1 cm3


Area Conversion Factors:
SYMBOL UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR
cm2 square centimeters 1 cm2 = 0.0001 m2 = 100 mm2 = 0.1550 in.2
in.2 square inch 1 in.2 = 6.4516 cm2 = 645.1626 mm2
1 in.2 = 6.4156 x 10-4 square meters (m)2
m2 square meter 1m2 = 10,000 square centimeters (cm)2
1m2 = 1,550.0031 square inches (in.)2


Pressure Conversion Factors:
SYMBOL UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR
atm atmosphere 1 atm = 14.696 lbs./in.2 = 760 mm Hg
1 atm = 1033.23 g/cm2
psi pounds per sq. in. (avdp) 1 psi = 6.80460 x 10-2 atm
1 psi = 7.0455 x 10-2 Kg/cm2


Energy Density Conversion Factors:
FROM TO CONVERSION
Wh/kg Wh/lb. Divide Wh/kg by 2.205 lb./kg
Wh/lb. Wh/kg Divide Wh/lb. by 0.45359 kg/lb.
Wh/in.3 Wh/L Divide Wh/in.3 by 0.016387 L/in.3
Wh/L Wh/in.3 Divide Wh/L by 61.023744 in.3/L
Wh/in.3 Wh/cm3 Divide Wh/in.3 by 16.387 cm3/in.3


Mass Conversion Factors:
SYMBOL UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR
g gram 1 g = 0.002205 lb. (avdp)
1 g = 0.035274 oz. (avdp)
kg kilogram 1 kg = 2.2046 lbs. (avdp)
1 kg = 9.84206528 x 10-4 long tons
1 kg = 1.10231131 x 10-3 short tons
oz. ounce (avdp) 1 oz. = 28.3495231 g
lb. pound (avdp) 1 lb. = 453.59 g
mg milligram 1 mg = 0.001 g


Electrical Conversion Factors:
SYMBOL UNIT CONVERSION FACTOR
A ampere 1 A = 1 coulomb/second
m milliohm 1 m = 0.001
mA milliampere 1 mA = 0.001 A
M megohm 1 M = 1 x 106
µA microampere 1 µA = 1x10-6A = 0.000001 ampere
nA nanoampere 1 nA = 1 x 10-9 A
ohm 1 = V/A
mAh milliampere-hour 1 mAh = 0.001 Ah
mV millivolt 1 mV = 0.001 volts
V volt 1 V = 1 joule/coulomb
W watt 1 W = 1 joule/second
Wh watt-hour 1 Wh = 3,600 joules
J joule 1 J = 1 watt-second
kHz kilohertz 1 kHz = 1,000 Hz


Temperature Conversion Formulas:
Celsius °C °C = 5/9 (°F - 32)
Fahrenheit °F °F = 9/5 °C + 32



Unit Prefixes:
FACTOR PREFIX SYMBOL
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
10 deka da
10-1 deci d
10-2 centi c
10-3 milli m
10-6 micro µ
10-9 nano n
10-12 pico p


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