DURACELL
lithium batteries represent the latest advance in primary battery
technology, having many advantages over conventional battery systems.
Their high energy density, high rate pulse capability, long shelf
life and ability to operate at temperature extremes make them ideal
for meeting the demanding requirements of new portable electronic
equipment.
Lithium
Manganese Dioxide (Li/MnO2) batteries are ideal for electronic
equipment requiring high rate pulses (e.g., photoflash), as well
as other sophisticated devices requiring continuous operation or
memory backup. DURACELL lithium cells are recognized under the Underwriters
Laboratories Component Recognition Program.
CHEMISTRY
Lithium
cells use lithium metal for the anode and a conductive organic electrolyte.
The Li/MnO2 cell uses a specially prepared manganese dioxide
for the cathode.
CONSTRUCTION
DURACELL
Li/MnO2 cells are available in two configurations: cylindrical
cells using spiral-wound electrodes for high current pulse or continuous
drain applications, and coin-shaped cells for memory backup and small
electronic device applications. Cutaway views of a spiral-wound cell
and a coin cell are shown above.
RATED CAPACITY
The
Li/MnO2 coin cells range in capacity from 76 mAh to 500
mAh; the spiral-wound cylindrical cells are available in 160 mAh and
1.4 Ah sizes.
PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS
Voltage
The
open circuit voltage of the Li/MnO2 cell is typically 3.2V,
compared to 1 .5V for most zinc cells. Typical median operating voltage
ranges from 3.0 to 2.5V.
Discharge
Characteristics
Flat
(stable voltage) discharge curves.
Energy
Density
Depending
on cell configuration, up to 105 Wh/lb. (230 Wh/kg); 9.0 Wh/in.3
(550 Wh/l).
Effect
of Discharge Load and Temperature
Capable
of performance at low to high discharge rates on pulse or continuous
loads; excellent low temperature capability. The typical operating
temperature range for Li/MnO2 cells is -40°F to 140°F
(-40°C to 60°C), with performance at wider temperature ranges
possible.
Shelf Life
Capacity retention
is over 95% after 5 years of room temperature storage.
